Anthropometric Measurement Changes in Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Patients in Dravidian Population: A Photographic Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate the anthropometric and divine proportion measurements using pre and posttreatment
photographs in patients subjected to only orthodontic treatment and orthodontics with orthognathic
surgery.
Materials and Method: The sample size was calculated with a power value of 95% which yielded a sample
size of 126 patients. The pre and post photographs of these patients were divided into two groups namely
Group I where patients treated only with orthodontics (64 patients) and Group II where patients were treated
by both orthodontics and orthognathic surgery(52 patients). The Standard Anthropometric facial proportions
and divine proportion measurements were used to digitally assess the pre and post-treatment facial changes
using Ilexis FACAD software (Version 3.8.00). These photographs were standardized with the help of
interpupillary line measurement which was done on both digital photographs and clinically and correlated.
Results: Group I showed statistical significance (P<0.005) with upper lip length, lower lip length, upper
lip, and lower lip vermillion changes whereas Group II subjects showed statistical significance in Skeletal
vertical changes. The lower facial height, lower lip length was significant in Class II orthognathic patients
whereas the upper facial height, alar basal width, and mouth width showed significant differences (P<0.005)
in Class III orthognathic patients.
Conclusion: Significant changes were noticed in both groups when pre and post-treatment values were
compared, but orthognathic subjects comparatively showed higher significance values in vertical parameters
which were near to the ideal anthropometric values and divine proportion ratios.